To change your first name in the UK, you use a deed poll. It states your full current name and your full new name, you sign it in front of two adult witnesses, and it is valid from that day. To keep your surname, you simply write it the same in both.
There is no shortcut for a first name. A marriage certificate only ever covers surnames, so whatever your reason, a deed poll is what the Passport Office, the DVLA and your bank will ask to see.
Why people change their first name
You do not have to give a reason, and nobody will ask for one. Most first name changes still fall into a handful of familiar patterns, though.
Some people want to make a nickname official, so that Katherine becomes Kate on every document. Others are fixing a spelling. Kathryn to Katherine looks minor, but even one letter counts as a change of name for a passport. A lot of people have gone by their middle name for years and want it to come first. Some are choosing a name that matches their gender identity (see deed polls for trans and non-binary people). Some are anglicising a name, or going back to the original form of one that was anglicised for them. And some just like a different name better.
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Do you need a deed poll if you just use a nickname?
No, not while it stays informal. Plenty of people are Bob at work and Robert on their passport, and that is perfectly legal.
A deed poll matters once you want the new name on official records, or when the mismatch starts to cause trouble, like a flight booked in a name that does not match your passport. At that point your documents need to agree with each other.
Swapping your first and middle names
If you have always used your middle name, a deed poll can put it first. John David Smith becomes David John Smith, or just David Smith if you want to drop John altogether. If only your middle name is changing, see changing your middle name instead.
Are there limits on the first name you can choose?
A few. The Passport Office will not print numbers or symbols apart from hyphens and apostrophes, and it can turn down a name it considers offensive. A name change also cannot be used to deceive anyone. Debts, court orders and criminal records all follow you to the new name.
How much does it cost to change your first name?
There is no government fee. A deed poll from this site is £19.99, a solicitor typically charges £50 to £150 for the same thing, and the DVLA updates your driving licence for free. A new passport is usually the largest cost. See the full cost of a name change for the rest.
Who to tell after changing your first name
The same organisations as any other name change: passport, driving licence, bank, employer and HMRC first, then everyone else in your own time. Work, especially, tends to notice a first name change faster than a surname one, so it can help to tell your employer early. The name change checklist has the full list, and if your surname is changing too, changing your surname covers the rest.